For instance, the Battery for Health Improvement-2 (BHI-2; Bruns and Disorbio, 2003) is designed “for the psychological assessment of medical patient” and includes scales organized into five domains: validity, physical symptoms, affective, character, and psychosocial variables.
![Wahler Physical Symptoms Inventory Manual Wahler Physical Symptoms Inventory Manual](/uploads/1/2/5/4/125462703/181781869.png)
Practitioner points Positive clinical implications. This is the first time that the CP literature has been synthesized from a general perspective to examine psychological functioning in the presence of CP and provide practical recommendations for assessment and therapy. Individuals with CP were most likely to experience psychological problems in physically focussed areas – namely pain anxiety/concern and somatization. Although fear of pain was intrinsically tied to the CP experience, self‐efficacy was not.
CP was more strongly associated with anxiety than with depression. Limitations. The study focuses on the general CP literature, adults and research‐utilizing self‐report measures. Meta‐analyses are limited by the empirical literature on which they are based.